课题概述
介绍
超过100,000 people in the United States are waiting for an organ to become available for a transplant that can save their lives. 许多器官捐赠者是活体捐赠者.
你怎么可能是活的器官捐赠者?
大多数人都可以成为器官捐献者. Many people choose to donate an organ upon their death. But a person can donate certain organs while he or she is still living. 这些人被称为“活体捐赠者”."
活体捐献者必须是:
- 身体健康.
- 免于损害器官的疾病, 如糖尿病, 无法控制的高血压, 或癌症.
- 通常至少18岁.
你可以捐给谁?
You can direct your donation to someone you know: a family member, 我的一个朋友, 一个同事, 或者你认识的人需要器官. Or you can donate to someone in need by donating to the national waiting list. You may also want to talk with your doctor about paired organ exchange. This program helps find organ matches between people who may not know each other. Medical tests will show if your organ is a good match with the recipient.
如何决定谁优先进行移植?
If you do a directed donation, your organ goes only to the person you name. 如果你捐到全国候补名单上, your organ will go to an anonymous person on the list. 如果你捐到全国候补名单上, the Organ Procurement 和 Transplantation Network uses a computer to match your organ with possible recipients based on things such as tissue 和 血型.
你可以捐献什么器官?
活体捐献者可以捐献以下器官:
- A 肾脏
- 一个叶(部分) 肺
- 你的耳垂 肝 (It will grow back to normal size in your body 和 in the recipient's body over time.)
- 你的一部分 肠
- 你的一部分 胰腺
你也可以捐赠 骨髓, 脐带血和外周血 干细胞.
器官捐献的程序是什么?
When you are a possible living donor, your rights 和 privacy are carefully protected. It's also very important to be informed about the risks of donating an organ. 帮你做出最好的决定, you will have an independent donor advocate (IDA) who will guide you 和 answer your questions.
以下是捐款的步骤:
- Contact the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) at 1- or go online at www.凯泽本人.org to get more information 和 to locate the nearest transplant center.
- 了解风险. Risks vary with the organ donated 和 from person to person.
- Complete a medical evaluation that includes these tests:
- Cross-match移植. This is a blood test that shows whether the recipient's body will reject your donor organ immediately. The cross-match will mix your blood with the recipient's blood to see if proteins in the recipient's blood might attack your donated organ.
- 库姆斯抗体屏幕. This test measures whether the recipient has antibodies against a broad range of people. If so, it means there is a higher risk of rejection, even if the cross-match shows a good match.
- 血型. This is a blood test that shows which type of blood you have—type A, B, O, or AB. 你的 血型 should be compatible with the organ recipient's 血型. But it is sometimes possible to transplant an organ between people with different 血型s.
- 组织类型. This blood test shows the genetic makeup of your body's cells. We inherit three different kinds of genetic markers from our mothers 和 three from our fathers. 组织类型 sometimes plays a role in matching an organ recipient to a donor.
- 心理健康评估 或者社会网络评价. Many emotional issues are involved in donating an organ. A mental health assessment or a social network evaluation may be done. 这些东西关注你的情绪健康, 你的社会支持, 以及捐赠会如何影响你和你的家人. 它们还能显示出你是否了解自己的兴趣, 未来对你健康的影响, 和 whether you're feeling pressure to donate from another person or from a sense of obligation.
Two types of surgery are commonly used to remove an organ or a portion of an organ from a living donor.
- Open surgery involves cutting the skin, muscles, 和 tissues to remove the organ. When open surgery is done, the person may have more pain 和 a longer recovery time.
- 腹腔镜手术 is a procedure in which a surgeon makes a number of small incisions 和 uses scopes to remove the organ from a living donor.
整个规划过程, know that it's never too late to change your mind about donating an organ. Talk with your IDA 和 others you trust to be sure you're making the right decision for you. 你的 long-term health is just as important as that of the person who will receive your donation.
活体器官捐赠的事实是什么?
You don't have to be in perfect health to donate an organ. 只要你捐献的器官是健康的, there are a lot of health conditions that won't prevent a successful donation.
Living organ donation can be risky for both the donor 和 the recipient. Removing an organ, or a part of an organ, from your body involves major surgery. 手术总有并发症的风险, 比如疼痛, 感染, 肺炎, 出血, 甚至死亡. After the surgery you may face changes in your body from having removed one of your organs.
活体器官捐赠可能很昂贵. 你的 medical expenses related to the transplant surgery will be paid for by the recipient's insurance, 医疗补助计划, 或医疗保险. 你可能会得到一些旅费方面的帮助, either through the recipient or the National Living Donor Assistance Center. 但也要考虑到你的成本与工资损失的关系, 照顾孩子, 以及未来可能出现的医疗问题. 手术后，你自己的保险费用可能会增加, 和 later you might have problems getting or keeping health, 生活, 或残疾保险. Check with your insurance provider for more information about how your donation may affect your coverage.
活体器官捐赠是有回报的. 移植手术成功后, most donors feel a special sense of well-being because they have saved a 生活.
所有主要宗教都允许器官捐献. 基督教, 犹太人, 穆斯林, 佛教, 和 Hindu faiths encourage organ donation or leave it up to individual choice. Ask your spiritual advisor if you have questions about your religion's views on organ donation.
